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Transnational alternative policy groups (TAPGs) produce evidence-based knowledge, which challenges dominant economic, political and cultural practices and perspectives and promotes alternatives.〔Carroll, William. 2015. "Modes of Cognitive Praxis in Transnational Alternative Policy Groups". Globalizations, 1-18. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14747731.2014.1001231〕 These groups work in dialogue with transnational social movements and publics, seeking to facilitate democratic alternatives to neoliberal, global capitalism.〔Carroll, William. 2013. “Networks of Cognitive Praxis: Transnational Class Formation from Below?” Globalizations, 11, 651-670.〕 ==Practice and Criteria== Unlike a social movement organization, which produces knowledge as it engages with dominant institutions, TAPGs' primary efforts are focused on producing knowledge. They are think-tanks, yet they differ from conventional ones, which conduct policy research and engage primarily with elite political and business circles and corporate media, sustaining a network of alliances that support neoliberal capitalism.〔Stone, D. 2000. “Think Tanks Transnationalization and Non-Profit Analysis and Advocacy. Global Society, 14, 153-172.〕 Typically, TAPGs work with progressive social movements, learning from them and providing critical ideas -- strategic, policy-oriented, and visionary -- that inform activist initiatives. As a distinct agency of alternative knowledge production and mobilization, such groups are defined by three criteria: # The core function of the group is the production and mobilization of alternative knowledge; # A significant portion of their practice takes up transnational issues and speaks to transnational social movement groups and publics; #The group engages a wide range of issue and is not highly specialized.〔Carroll, William. 2015. "Modes of Cognitive Praxis in Transnational Alternative Policy Groups". Globalizations, 1-18.〕 Recent research by Carroll〔Carroll, William. 2015. "Modes of Cognitive Praxis in Transnational Alternative Policy Groups". Globalizations, 1-18.〕 has identified sixteen alternative policy groups that fit these criteria particularly well: TAGPs disseminate knowledge not only via mainstream media venues, but also through activist networks and alternative media, often working collaboratively with social movements in implementing these ideas. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「transnational alternative policy group」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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